¿Faltan estudiantes de ciencias en América del Sur? La productividad y el mercado laboral dicen que sí

  • Susana Herrero Olarte Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador

Palabras clave:

desigualdad, prima de habilidades, desajuste de habilidades, educación superior, carreras de ciencia

Resumen

Durante 2002–2011, la desigualdad en América del Sur disminuyó sustancialmente, en gran parte debido a que se redujo la brecha salarial entre profesionales calificados y no calificados. Un modelo factible de mínimos cuadrados generalizados muestra que los trabajadores calificados contribuyen menos a la productividad y, por lo tanto, reciben aumentos salariales menores. Estudiamos si este resultado se debe a un desajuste entre las necesidades del mercado laboral y los conocimientos de los profesionales con educación superior. Utilizamos la metodología de cluster aplicada por Izquierdo, et al. (2019) para mostrar cómo el número de publicaciones científicas, como proxy del número de profesionales de la ciencia, afecta la productividad. Los resultados demuestran que la falta de profesionales de la ciencia es la principal limitación a la productividad en los países de América del Sur. Estos resultados ayudan a explicar la contradicción entre la alta demanda de trabajadores calificados, que las empresas no satisfacen, y la baja compensación entre los empleados con educación superior. 

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Publicado
2022-04-04
Cómo citar
Herrero Olarte, S. (2022). ¿Faltan estudiantes de ciencias en América del Sur? La productividad y el mercado laboral dicen que sí. Revista de Economía Mundial, (60), 269-294. https://doi.org/10.33776/rem.v0i60.4909