Finanzas y desigualdad: nueva evidencia de una selección de países
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Existe una relación entre el aumento de la desigualdad de ingresos y el desarrollo financiero global. El objetivo principal de este estudio es poner a prueba la validez de la curva de Kuznets financiera mediante el uso de un modelo de datos de panel para países de altos ingresos, ingresos medio-altos, ingresos medio-bajos y para el conjunto de países en el período 2010-2021. Los resultados empíricos sugieren que la invalidez de dicha curva puede variar en estos mercados una vez que se consideran los efectos de variables de control adicionales. La literatura identifica varios factores clave que contribuyen a la desigualdad de ingresos, entre los que normalmente se incluyen los niveles de crecimiento, educación, apertura comercial, gasto público, inversión extranjera directa, urbanización, transformación estructural y desarrollo tecnológico. Estos factores también se incorporan en este estudio como variables de control. Este trabajo demuestra la importancia de analizar los efectos heterogéneos del desarrollo financiero sobre la desigualdad de ingresos en los distintos grupos de países.
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