Diferencias intrínsecas en los coeficientes de Okun de los países de la OCDE, 1995-2022

  • Oscar Peláez Herreros El Colegio de la Frontera Norte

Palabras clave:

Resumen

El artículo desarrolla una descomposición del coeficiente de Okun que permite conocer qué parte de su valor se debe al efecto directo del crecimiento del PIB real sobre la tasa de desempleo y qué otra parte a los efectos indirectos a través de las variaciones de: la producción por hora, las horas trabajadas por ocupado, la tasa de actividad y la población. El procedimiento se aplica a los 38 estados de la OCDE con datos anuales de 1995 a 2019. Los resultados muestran grandes diferencias entre estados en los coeficientes de Okun y en sus factores componentes. No obstante, también hay grupos de países que comparten dinámicas. La ventaja de la técnica propuesta es que permite identificar los factores que originan las diferencias y ayuda a adoptar políticas macroeconómicas más adecuadas a cada caso.

Descargas

La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.

Altmetrics

Citas

Ball, L., Leigh, D., & Loungani, P. (2017). Okun’s Law: Fit at 50? Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 49(7), 1413-1441. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmcb.12420

Ball, L., Furceri, D., Leigh, D., & Loungani, P. (2019). Does One Law Fit All? Cross-Country Evidence on Okun’s Law. Open Economies Review, 30, 841-874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11079-019-09549-3

Banco Mundial (2024). Datos: indicadores. Grupo Banco Mundial. https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/

Barreto, H., & Howland, F. (1993). There are Two Okun’s Law Relationships between Output and Unemployment. Wabash College Working Paper. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228421484_There_Are_Two_Okun's_Law_Relationships_between_Output_and_Unemployment

Brown, W. S. (1988). Macroeconomics. Prentice-Hall.

Chamberlin, G. (2011). Okun’s Law Revisited. Economic & Labour Market Review, 5, 104-132. https://doi.org/10.1057/elmr.2011.21

Daly, M. C., Fernald, J. G., Jordà, Ò., & Nechio, F. (2017). Shocks and Adjustments. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Working Paper Series, 2013-32. https://doi.org/10.24148/wp2013-32

Fontanari, C., Palumbo, A., & Salvatori, C. (2022). The Updated Okun Method for Estimation of Potential Output with Alternative Measures of Labor Underutilization. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 60, 158-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2021.11.008

Furceri, D., Jalles, J. T., & Loungani, P. (2020). On the determinants of the Okun’s law: new evidence from time-varying estimates. Comparative Economic Studies, 62, 661-700. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41294-019-00111-1

Gonzalez-Prieto, N., Loungani, P., & Mishra, S. (2018). What Lies Beneath? A Sub-National Look at Okun’s Law in the United States. Open Economies Review, 29, 835-852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11079-018-9491-2

Gordon, R. J. (1973). The Welfare Cost of Higher Unemployment. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1973(1), 133-205. https://doi.org/10.2307/2534086

Gordon, R. J. (1984). Unemployment and Potential Output in the 1980's. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1984(2), 537-568. https://doi.org/10.2307/2534438

Gordon, R. J. (2010a). The Demise of Okun’s Law and of Procyclical Fluctuations in Conventional and Unconventional Measures of Productivity. CREI/CEPR Macro-Labor Conference, Barcelona, 5 de noviembre. https://www.crei.cat/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Gordon.pdf

Gordon, R. J. (2010b). Okun’s Law and Productivity Innovations. The American Economic Review, 100(2), 11-15. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27804954

Hamada, K., & Kurosaka, Y. (1984). The Relationship between Production and Unemployment in Japan: Okun’s Law in Comparative Perspective. European Economic Review, 25(1), 71-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(84)90073-4

Herwartz, H., & Niebuhr, A. (2011). Growth, Unemployment and Labour Market Institutions: Evidence from a Cross-Section of EU Regions. Applied Economics, 43(30), 4663-4676. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2010.493142

Ismihan, M. (2016). A Useful Framework for Linking Labor and Goods Markets: Okun’s Law and its Stability Revisited. Review of Keynesian Economics, 4(2), 175-192. https://doi.org/10.4337/roke.2016.02.03

Johnston, J. (1984). Econometric Methods (3a ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Kaufman, R. T. (1988). An International Comparison of Okun's Laws. Journal of Comparative Economics, 12(2), 182-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-5967(88)90002-9

Lee, J. (2000). The Robustness of Okun’s Law: Evidence from OECD Countries. Journal of Macroeconomics, 22(2), 331-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0164-0704(00)00135-X

Loría, E., & Ramos, M. G. (2007). La ley de Okun: una relectura para México, 1970-2004. Estudios Económicos, 22(1), 19-55. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/597/59722102.pdf

Martín-Román, Á. L. (2022). Beyond the Added-worker and the Discouraged-worker Effects: the Entitled-worker Effect. Economic Modelling, 110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2022.105812

Maza, A. (2022). Regional Differences in Okun’s Law and Explanatory Factors: Some Insights from Europe. International Regional Science Review, 45(5), 555-580. https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176221082309

Melguizo, C. (2016). An Analysis of Okun’s Law for the Spanish Provinces. Review of Regional Research, 37(1), 59-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10037-016-0110-7

Mojena, R. (1977). Hierarchical Grouping Methods and Stopping Rules: An Evaluation. The Computer Journal, 20(4), 359-363. https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/20.4.359

Moosa, I. A. (1997). A Cross-Country Comparison of Okun’s Coefficient. Journal of Comparative Economics, 24(3), 335-356. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcec.1997.1433

OCDE (2024). OECD data explorer. Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos. https://data-explorer.oecd.org/

Okun, A. M. (1962). Potential GNP: its Measurement and Significance. Proceedings of the Business and Economic Statistics Section, 98-104. Reimpreso como Cowles Foundation Paper 190. https://milescorak.files.wordpress.com/2016/01/okun-potential-gnp-its-measurement-and-significance-p0190.pdf

Paldam, M. (1987). How Much Does One Percent of Growth Change the Unemployment Rate? A Study of 17 OECD Countries, 1948-1985. European Economic Review, 31(1), 306-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(87)90044-4

Porras-Arena, M. S., & Martín-Román, Á. L. (2019). Self-employment and the Okun’s Law. Economic Modelling, 77, 253-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.09.006

Porras-Arena, M. S., & Martín-Román, Á. L. (2023a). The Correlation between Unemployment and Economic Growth in Latin America – Okun’s Law Estimates by Country. International Labour Review, 162(2), 171-198. https://doi.org/10.1111/ilr.12398

Porras-Arena, M. S., & Martín-Román, Á. L. (2023b). The Heterogeneity of Okun’s Law: a Metaregression Analysis. Economic Modelling, 128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2023.106490

Porras-Arena, M. S., Martín-Román, Á. L., Dueñas Fernández, D., & Llorente Heras, R. (2024). Okun’s Law: The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Temporary Layoffs Procedures (ERTEs) on Spanish Regions. Investigaciones Regionales - Journal of Regional Research, 59(2), 105-125. https://doi.org/10.38191/iirr-jorr.24.013

Prachowny, M. F. J. (1993). Okun’s Law: Theoretical Foundations and Revised Estimates. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 75(2), 331-336. https://doi.org/10.2307/2109440

Sögner, L., & Stiassny, A. (2002). An Analysis on the Structural Stability of Okun’s Law: a Cross-country Study. Applied Economics, 34(14), 1775-1787. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840210124180

Usabiaga, C., & Hernández-Salmerón, M. (2021). Reflections on Idiosyncratic Labour Markets: the Spanish and Andalusian Cases. En A. Tavidze (ed.), Progress in Economics Research. Nova Science Publishers. https://doi.org/10.52305/GGPS1250

Ward, J. H. (1963). Hierarchical Grouping to Optimize an Objective Function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58(301), 234-244. https://doi.org/10.2307/2282967

Publicado
2025-04-21
Cómo citar
Peláez Herreros, O. (2025). Diferencias intrínsecas en los coeficientes de Okun de los países de la OCDE, 1995-2022. Revista de Economía Mundial, (69), 145-171. https://doi.org/10.33776/rem.vi69.8208