![](data:image/png;base64,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)
C. Ruíz Trujillo • J. Rodríguez Cruz • G. Revilla Parody • J. Rodríguez Rodríguez
148
RIESISE, 1 (2018) pp. 145-157 e-ISSN: 2659-3351
residuos a lo largo de todo el planeta1 y, con ello, gravísimos problemas
ambientales: desde vertederos descomunales2 y catástrofes ambientales
vinculadas a estos3
efecto invernadero que están detrás de las dinámicas de calentamiento
global
Ante este sombrío panorama, la urgencia y la búsqueda de soluciones
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puesta casi mágica a todos los desastres que se auguran desde ámbitos tan
alejados entre sí como el de los medios de comunicación, los movimientos
lee tácita o expresamente en mensajes expresados por organismos guber-
namentales o supranacionales, el movimiento ecologista o, incluso, desde
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da política sirve como ejemplo el ambicioso paquete de medidas sobre
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tación, el vicepresidente primero de este organismo, Frans Timmermans,
responsable del desarrollo sostenible, declaró: “Nuestro planeta y nuestra
economía no podrán sobrevivir si mantenemos el enfoque del “toma, fabri-
ca, utiliza y tira”. Tenemos que conservar los recursos valiosos y explotar ple-
namente todo el valor económico que atesoran. La economía circular trata
de reducir los residuos y de proteger el medio ambiente, pero también de
transformar profundamente el funcionamiento de toda nuestra economía.
Reconsiderando nuestra manera de producir, trabajar y comprar, podemos
generar nuevas oportunidades y crear nuevos puestos de trabajo”. (Comi-
sión Europea, 2015).
Está por ver que esto suponga realmente esa revolución, esa profunda
transformación de nuestra sociedad que algunos predicen, esa nueva ma-
nera de relacionarnos con los bienes y, con ello, la corrección de graves
1 Según el “Waste Atlas” en el mundo se generan al año aproximadamente 1.900 millones
de toneladas de residuos sólidos urbanos, de los que un 30% van a vertederos incontrolados y
del resto sólo se consigue rediclar o reutilizar un 19% y valorizar para la generación de energía
un 11% (http://www.atlas.d-waste.com/).
2 Un ejemplo de esto lo encontramos en el mayor vertedero industrial de Europa, el de las
balsas de fosfoyesos de Huelva (Ecologistas en Acción, Greenpeace y WWF, 2011) .
3 Como la ruptura de la balsa de residuos de la mina de sulfuros de Boliden-Apirsa en
Aznalcóllar (Sevilla, España) en abril de 1998 (Ayora, C., Manzano, M., Navarrete, P y Custodio
Gimena, E., 2000)
4 El Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC) considera
que la gestión de los residuos sólidos conforma el 3 % de las emisiones de Gases de Efecto
Invernadero, siendo la mayor fuente de producción de emisiones de metano, un importante
contribuyente al calentamiento global (Graziani, P., 2018)