e-ISSN: 2659-3351
NΓΊm. 1 (2018)
Revista Iberoamericana de
EconomΓ­a Solidaria e
InnovaciΓ³n SocioecolΓ³gica
RIESISE

ReseΓ±as
161RIESISE, 1 (2018) pp. 161-165 e-ISSN: 2659-3351
ECONOMÍA SOLIDARIA PARA CONSTRUIR
UNA CIUDADANÍA GLOBAL
1. BibliografΓ­a
Goikoetxea FerrΓ‘ndez, J.J. (2017). EconomΓ­a solidaria. Para construir una
ciudadanΓ­a global.ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™„ξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ˆξš³ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξš£ξž“ξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™…ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜°ξ™˜ξ™‘ξš£ξ™•ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ˆξš³ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξš£ξž“ξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜”ξ™¬ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜šξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™“ξ™œξ™–ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜‘
ξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™œξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™„ξš―ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ΄ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™Šξ™•ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξš―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξš΅ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξš£ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξš΅ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξš―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξš£ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξš«ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™Œξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξš£ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜‘
ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™œξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
varios:
ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξš―ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξš―ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξš£ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™Œξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‘ξš―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξš―ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™’ξ™œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™– ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ˆξš³ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ 
ξ˜‹ξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™Œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξš£ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™•ξš―ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™ξ™„ξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™œξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξš£ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξš―ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξš―ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξš―ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™“ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™œξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξš΅ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξš―ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™•ξš£ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξš£ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξš―ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™•ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒ
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RIESISE, 1 (2018) pp. 161-165 e-ISSN: 2659-3351
ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξš«ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™Œξž“ξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™Šξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξš£ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξš«ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξš―ξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™…ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™œξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™Œξš£ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™’ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξš―ξž“ξ™†ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜­ξ™’ξ™–ξš«ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™„ξ™™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ
Goikoetxea FerrΓ‘ndez, 2017)
ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜
BLOQUE 1
EconomΓ­a y escasez. La organizaciΓ³n de la actividad econΓ³mica
ξξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξš―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξξ˜ƒ
(Lionnel Robbins)
ξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξš―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™‘ξš΅ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξš΅ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξš«ξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™œξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™’ξ™•ξš―ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξš―ξ™•ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™’ξ™•ξš―ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξš΅ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξš«ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™˜ξš£ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξš΅ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξš«ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξš΅ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
BLOQUE 2
La actividad productiva
ξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξš΅ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™…ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™•ξš£ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™“ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξš£ξ™›ξ™Œξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜€ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξš΅ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™…ξš£ξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™…ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜―ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξš£ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™…ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜―ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξš΅ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Šξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξš―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξš΅ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ™˜ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Šξ™•ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜©ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ˜³ξšΌξ™…ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ReseΓ±as
163RIESISE, 1 (2018) pp. 161-165 e-ISSN: 2659-3351
ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξš΅ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξš―ξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‰ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™Œξ™•ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜‘
BLOQUE 3
El mercado y el sistema de precios
ξ˜―ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™•ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™…ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Šξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜·ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™™ξš«ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜―ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξš£ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™…ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™“ξ™Œξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™˜ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜Œξ˜‘
BLOQUE 4
La macroeconomΓ­a
ξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξš―ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξš―ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™“ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™Šξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξš―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ˜¬ξ˜₯ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜₯ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξš―ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξš―ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™Œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™„ξš―ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξš³ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξš―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜₯ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξš΅ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™›ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™•ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξšΌξ™…ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™›ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ™†ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™„ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξšΌξ™…ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξšΌξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ReseΓ±as
164
RIESISE, 1 (2018) pp. 161-165 e-ISSN: 2659-3351
ξ™“ξ™„ξš―ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξš«ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘
BLOQUE 5
Aspectos ξž“nancieros de la economΓ­a
ξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξš΅ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξš΅ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξš£ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξš£ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξš΅ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜©ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™•ξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξš£ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™–ξš―ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™ˆξš³ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξš―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξš«ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξš΅ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜‘
BLOQUE 6
El contexto internacional de la economΓ­a
ξ˜€ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™‘ξš΅ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξš―ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξš―ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξš―ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξš―ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξš―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξš―ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξš΅ξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξš―ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™•ξš£ξ™“ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Όξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Œξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜―ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™Œξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™Šξ™ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξš³ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™…ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξš―ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξš£ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξš―ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξš£ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜‘
BLOQUE 7
Desequilibrios econΓ³micos y el papel del estado en la economΓ­a
ξ˜―ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξš―ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜·ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ReseΓ±as
165RIESISE, 1 (2018) pp. 161-165 e-ISSN: 2659-3351
ξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™œξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξš«ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξž“ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξš³ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξš΅ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξš―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™’ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™…ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξš―ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™„ξ™–ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™›ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξž“ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξšΌξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξš―ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξš£ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξš£ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξš΅ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξš―ξ™„ξ˜‘
Adolfo Elizondo
ξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™ξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ