Revista Iberoamericana de
Economรญa Solidaria e
Innovaciรณn Socioecolรณgica
RIESISE
Vol. 2 (2019), pp. 103-124 โ€ข ISSN: 2659-5311
http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/riesise.v2i0.3690
๎˜ณ๎žš๎žฅ๎žš๎ž›๎žซ๎žš๎žฌ๎˜ƒ๎žœ๎žฅ๎žš๎žฏ๎žž
๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’-
๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ฎ๎žž๎žฒ๎žฐ๎žจ๎žซ๎ž๎žฌ
๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’-
๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™—๎™‹
๎˜ต๎žž๎žฌ๎žฎ๎žฆ๎žž๎žง
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎ž“๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™•-
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ-
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎ž“๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜-
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘-
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šซ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’-
๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎šผ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•-
๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™…๎™’๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎šฃ๎ž“๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎šซ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎šฏ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎šต๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’-
๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎ž›๎žฌ๎žญ๎žซ๎žš๎žœ๎žญ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘-
๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎ž“๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ-
๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ-
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„-
๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎ž“๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎ž“๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’-
๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
LOS NUEVOS COMUNES: DISPUTANDO
LA TRANSICIร“N INAPLAZABLE
THE NEW COMMON: DISPUTING
THE INAPLAZABLE TRANSITION
รngel Calle Collado
Universidad de Cรณrdoba
angel.calle@uco.es
Cรณdigos JEL
: M14, o10.
๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜—๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜’๎˜”๎˜”๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ
105RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124
http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/riesise.v2i0.3690
๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎š๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฏ๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ต๎˜ค๎˜ท๎˜ฌ๎˜ฝ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฐ๎š๎˜ค๎˜ข
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎šฃ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎šฃ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎šฏ๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎ž“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎ž“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎šฏ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎šซ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎ž“๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎ž“๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎šซ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎ž“๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎ด๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šต๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎šซ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒEconomรญas-otras๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎š๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎šซ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎š๎™”๎™˜๎šซ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ข๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎š๎™†๎šต๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎šฏ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎šฃ๎ž“๎™†๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎šผ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šต๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎šฃ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎šซ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ท๎˜ฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™—๎™๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘
รngel Calle Collado
106RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124 ISSN: 2659-5311
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ข๎˜Œ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎šซ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎šฃ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ž
๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎šต๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™•๎šฃ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎šต๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™๎šผ๎™‘๎๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎šต๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎ž“๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ผ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™“๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šซ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎šณ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎šซ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎šต๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎šซ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎šผ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎šฏ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎šผ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎šณ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ผ๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ Prรกcticas y herramientas para impulsar la Economรญa Social y
Solidaria. Una re๎ดexiรณn compartida๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎šฏ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜’๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎ž“๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎šฏ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ฌ๎˜ƒ๎šƒ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎šต๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎šต๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™…๎šฏ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™–๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™–๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜
๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‚๎˜™๎™‚๎˜š๎˜š๎˜™๎˜™๎˜–๎˜•๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜‘๎™‹๎™—๎™๎™๎™€
Los nuevos comunes: disputando la transiciรณn inaplazable
107RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124
http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/riesise.v2i0.3690
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎šฃ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎šฃ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎šต๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎ž“๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šซ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎šผ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™…๎™’๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎šฃ๎ž“๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎šซ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎šฏ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎šต๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎ž“๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜’๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜’๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎šณ๎™„๎™–๎˜’๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎šต๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ค๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™‰๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎šฏ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šฏ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
รngel Calle Collado
108RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124 ISSN: 2659-5311
๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒwikieconomรญa๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™„๎™“๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎š๎˜ด๎˜ธ๎š‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฑ๎˜จ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ธ๎˜จ๎˜น๎˜ฒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ธ๎˜ฑ๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ข
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎šฏ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎šฃ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎šซ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šฃ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šต๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎ž“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎šต๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒEl gobierno
de los comunes๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜
๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šต๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎šฏ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎šต๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎šฏ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎ž“๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎ž“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎šฃ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎šซ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎šซ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎ž“๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎šผ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎ด๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎šซ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎ž“๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜
๎๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™•๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎šต๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ
Los nuevos comunes: disputando la transiciรณn inaplazable
109RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124
http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/riesise.v2i0.3690
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜’๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎ž“๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šฏ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎šซ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎šต๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎šฏ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎šซ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎šฏ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎šฃ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎šซ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฃ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎ž“๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎šผ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎šฏ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šฃ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ผ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™†๎šซ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™๎šผ๎™‘๎๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎ž“๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎šซ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™™๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎šฏ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
รngel Calle Collado
110RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124 ISSN: 2659-5311
๎šƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™„๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™๎™๎šผ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎šณ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎šต๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎šณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™”๎™˜๎šฏ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎šต๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜Œ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎šซ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎šฃ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎šฃ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒMapping the
new commons๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™–๎™–๎™•๎™‘๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜’๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜›๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜Œ
Los nuevos comunes: disputando la transiciรณn inaplazable
111RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124
http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/riesise.v2i0.3690
Polรญticas
hacia el
procomรบn
Energรญas
alternativas
Alimentaciรณn
saludable
Salud como
derecho
ciudadano
Urbanismo
sostenible
Economรญa social-
solidaria
Polรญtica como
auto-gobierno
social
Reciclaje para
reducir huella
ecolรณgica
Cultura y educaciรณn
sociales
Gestiรณn Leyes e
incentivos
para impulsar
redes locales y
autoconsumo.
Demanda de
renovables en
todo contrato
pรบblico.
Parque pรบblico
de renovables
en espacios
y edi๎šฟcios
estatales
Sostener un
derecho a la
alimentaciรณn
sana. Limitaciรณn
poder gran
distribuciรณn.
Prohibiciรณn
pesticidas y
transgรฉnicos
Hospitales
pรบblicos
Control
farmacรฉuticas
Barreras a la
privatizaciรณn de la
sanidad
Primacรญa del
derecho a la
salud sobre el de
corporaciones
Urbanismo (planes
e infraestructuras)
que promuevan
un cambio en
el metabolismo
econรณmico
de pueblos y
ciudades
Planes de renta
bรกsica ligados a
monedas sociales.
Determinaciรณn de
la deuda ilegรญtima
a escala estatal y
municipal
Apoyo a ๎šฟnanzas
y monedas no
ligadas a procesos
especulativos.
Impulso espacios
de deliberaciรณn
y entornos
mediรกticos
accesibles e
independientes de
poderes pรบblicos
y multinacinales
Consultas
directas en temas
de economรญa o
derechos sociales
Favorecer el
derecho a la
protesta y a la
huelga
Limitaciรณn uso
derivados del
petrรณleo.
Tasas
impositivas sobre
elementos mรกs
contaminantes.
Favorecer industria
que cierra circuitos
materiales y
energรฉticos en un
territorio
Defensa del
derecho a la
diversidad cultural
y polรญtica para una
transiciรณn ecosocial
solidaria.
Gestiรณn y control
pรบblico-comunitaria
de ๎›€ujos por donde
discurre el Big
Data.
Derecho a
una educaciรณn
en valores
socioambientales
Co-Gestiรณn Operadores
energรฉticos
municipales.
Consejos
comarcales y
regionales de
producciรณn-distr.
elรฉctrica
Compra pรบblica
con criterios
ecosociales y de
gรฉnero.
Mercados locales
Abastecimiento
integrado en
polรญticas urbanas-
rurales
Salud comunitaria
desde la co-
rresponsabilidad
entre mujeres y
hombres
Cesiรณn de
espacios a la
ciudadanรญa
(equipamientos,
tierra y huertos
urbanos)
Apoyo a ๎šฟnanzas
y monedas no
ligadas a procesos
especulativos.
Impulso de
sistemas
industriales y
agroalimentarios
desde y para el
territorio
Crear
instituciones
democrรกticas
a escala
Biorregional
Expandir la nociรณn
de consejos
ciudadanos
consultivos y
decisorios sobre
alimentaciรณn,
cultura, derechos
sociales, gestiรณn
territorial
Compaรฑรญas
comarcales o
municipales
pรบblico-
comunitarias
Fomento de
iniciativas de
pedagogรญa popular.
Consejos culturales
(sectores,
ciudadanรญa,
tรฉcnicos) para
promover cultura
e iniciativas locales.
Auto-
Gestiรณn
Autoproducciรณn
energรญa solar o
รฉolica mediante
pequeรฑas
instalaciones
Cambios
personales
de dieta.
Construcciรณn de
redes directas
de producciรณn y
consumo.
Fomento
de sistemas
participativos de
garantรญa para
la producciรณn
primaria
Proyectos
comunitarios para
la autogestiรณn de
la salud fรญsica y
mental
Auto-organizaciรณn
social para la
intervenciรณn en
recintos pรบblico-
comunitarios
Mini-industrias
de uso pรบblico y
comunitario
Programas de
cooperativizaciรณn
de la economรญa,
desde una
perspectiva
social, solidaria y
ecofeminista
Desarrollo de
cultivos sociales:
iniciativas
participativas
para la auto-
satisfacciรณn de
necesidades
bรกsicas y la
autonomรญa social
Construcciรณn de
Movimientos-
sociedad: impulso
a derechos reales
en una transiciรณn
ecosocial
Plantas de
compostaje
vecinales o
comarcales
autogestionadas
por asociaciones
de personas
consumidoras y
productoras
Escuelas de
gestiรณn pรบblico-
comunitaria.
Cooperativas para
difusiรณn de cultura,
comunicaciones.
Infraestructura
vecinal para
las nuevas
tecnologรญas.
Aprendizajes
comunitarios
๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒDetalle de iniciativas de Nuevos comunes
(Co-gestiรณn y Auto-gestiรณn) desde las sinergias con
polรญticas (Gestiรณn) favorecedoras de lo pรบblico-comunitario
๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘
รngel Calle Collado
112RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124 ISSN: 2659-5311
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™๎šผ๎™‘๎๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šฏ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎ž“๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šฃ๎˜ƒ๎šฏ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šซ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™“๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎ž“๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎ž“๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎šผ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎šผ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šฃ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šฏ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎š๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ค๎˜ฏ๎˜ฐ๎˜จ๎˜ฑ๎˜ท๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฒ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ค๎˜ฐ๎˜ฒ๎˜ถ๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฌ๎˜จ๎˜ฑ๎˜ท๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ถ๎˜ธ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ธ๎˜จ๎˜น๎˜ฒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ธ๎˜ฑ๎˜จ๎˜ถ
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎šซ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‹๎šฏ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
Los nuevos comunes: disputando la transiciรณn inaplazable
113RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124
http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/riesise.v2i0.3690
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎šซ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎ž“๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎šต๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™๎šต๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎šฏ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎šฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™–๎™Ž๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜
๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ capitalismo uberizado๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šต๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎šต๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ economรญa capitalista
โ€œreverdecidaโ€๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฃ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‹๎šฏ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎ž“๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎šต๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎šฏ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎šผ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎šผ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎šฏ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎ž“๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎šฏ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ
รngel Calle Collado
114RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124 ISSN: 2659-5311
๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฃ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎ž“๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎šต๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜๎˜ƒ economรญas sociales y solidarias๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Nuevos comunes๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™”๎™˜๎šฏ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎šฏ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šฃ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šฏ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎ด๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎šผ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎ž“๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฃ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎š๎˜ฆ๎šต๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šซ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ข๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šต๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎šฃ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎ž“๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šซ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎šซ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎šฃ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™˜๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜š๎˜
๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎š๎˜ด๎™˜๎šซ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎š๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎šซ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎šต๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ข
๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎š๎˜ด๎™˜๎šซ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎šซ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ข๎˜ƒ ๎š๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎šฏ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎ž“๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎šฃ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Los nuevos comunes: disputando la transiciรณn inaplazable
115RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124
http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/riesise.v2i0.3690
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎šซ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ข
๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎š๎˜ด๎™˜๎šซ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎šต๎™๎™’๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎š๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šต๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ข
๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎š๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ข๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎๎˜๎˜ƒ๎๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šซ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎ด๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎ž“๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎šฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎ž“๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎šณ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎šซ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™“๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎šต๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฃ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎šฏ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎๎˜๎˜ƒ๎๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šต๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒ๎๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒCiudades
en Movimiento๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎šฃ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜
๎๎˜จ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™๎™’๎™’๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎šต๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎๎˜‘
๎๎˜ช๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎๎˜๎˜ƒ๎๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎šซ๎™–๎๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
รngel Calle Collado
116RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124 ISSN: 2659-5311
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎ž“๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎šซ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎šซ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎ž“๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎ž“๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎šซ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ข๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ค๎˜ฏ๎˜ฌ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜จ๎˜ฆ๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎˜ท๎˜ค๎˜ฐ๎˜ฒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜ซ๎˜ฒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฏ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎šผ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎ž“๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™“๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‹๎šฏ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜Œ๎˜ข
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฏ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎ž“๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™‡๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎šฏ๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™•๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
โ€œPlan B, contra la austeridad, por una Europa democrรกtica". El propรณsito
era congregar simpatรญas ciudadanas y crear sinergias polรญticas frente a las
propuestas de austeridad e insolidaridad que emanan de la Uniรณn Europea
y que los propios participantes e impulsores, como el ex-ministro de ๎ž“nanzas
griego Yanis Varoufakis, situaban detrรกs de la ola de xenofobia y el auge
de la extrema derecha. Pero resulta difรญcil crear una agenda paralela de
Los nuevos comunes: disputando la transiciรณn inaplazable
117RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124
http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/riesise.v2i0.3690
arriba para abajo. Menos aรบn desa๎ž“ar las agendas polรญticas que aรบpan la
economรญa especulativa un primer plano de forma que concite los apoyos e
implicaciones sociales. Sรณlo parece existir un modelo, el resto no existe o no
puede ser considerado. La agenda neoliberal se legitima tras el acrรณnimo
TINA: "There is no Alternative" a๎ž“rmaba acerca de alternativas econรณmicas
la primer ministra britรกnica ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•. La salida austericida a la crisis
del endeudamiento forzoso de Grecia es bastante elocuente de lo anterior.
๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™๎šฏ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šซ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎šฏ๎ž“๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ผ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™“๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎šฏ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎šต๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™…๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™‹๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎™•๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฃ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‹๎šฏ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฃ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™“๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Los Planes C representarรญan la antesala necesaria de posibles Planes B
para una transiciรณn solidaria y sustentable a diferentes escalas, ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎š๎˜ฆ๎šต๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎ž“๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ข๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎šต๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
รngel Calle Collado
118RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124 ISSN: 2659-5311
๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šต๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™„๎šฏ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šต๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎šฏ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎šฏ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎šฃ๎ž“๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ผ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šฃ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎ž“๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šฃ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™“๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎šฏ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฃ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™“๎™–๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎ž“๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎šฃ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜
๎๎š๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎šซ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ข๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎šณ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎šต๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎šซ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฏ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎šฏ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎šฏ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎šฃ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎šซ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎šณ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎ด๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎šต๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
Los nuevos comunes: disputando la transiciรณn inaplazable
119RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124
http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/riesise.v2i0.3690
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎šซ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎šณ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎šฏ๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎šฏ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎šผ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฃ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎šฏ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎šผ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎šต๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎šฃ๎ž“๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎ž“๎™•๎™๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎šผ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎šฃ๎ž“๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎šซ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎ž“๎™•๎™๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™†๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎๎˜ค๎™‡๎™Œ๎šต๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎๎˜›
๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎šฏ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎๎˜ค๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎๎˜๎˜ƒDiagonal๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜’๎™…๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™–๎˜’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎™๎™„๎˜๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎™‹๎™—๎™๎™๎™€
รngel Calle Collado
120RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124 ISSN: 2659-5311
๎˜ค๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎šฏ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎ž“๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฅ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎šฏ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎šต๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒun rumor de bosque en el pequeรฑo jardรญn๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šซ๎ž“๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‰๎šฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎šณ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™’๎™“๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎šต๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎šผ๎™‘๎๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎šฏ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎šผ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎šฏ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎ž“๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™‰๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™๎™€๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎šผ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎šซ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎šซ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎šต๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šฏ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎šฏ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎šฃ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎šฃ๎ž“๎™†๎™’๎˜‘
Los nuevos comunes: disputando la transiciรณn inaplazable
121RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124
http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/riesise.v2i0.3690
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‰๎šฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎šฏ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎šฏ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎šผ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™Š๎™’๎๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎šฏ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎šฏ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎šฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎šผ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™“๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎šฃ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎šต๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎šต๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎šผ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™…๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šซ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฃ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šซ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎šซ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎šซ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฏ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎šฃ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎šซ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎šฃ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎šณ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™“๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šฃ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎šฏ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฃ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎šฏ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒCuidado,
comunidad y comรบn. Extracciones, apropiaciones y sostenimiento de la vida๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎ž“๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎šณ๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
รngel Calle Collado
122RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124 ISSN: 2659-5311
๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฒ๎˜ช๎˜ต๎˜ค๎˜ฉ๎š๎˜ค
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šƒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒLa Transiciรณn inaplazable. Salir de la crisis desde los nuevos
sujetos polรญticos๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šƒ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎šฃ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ โ€œEconomรญas sociales y economรญas para
los Bienes Comunesโ€, Otra Economรญa, 9(16): 44-68, enero-junio 2015
[๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎™…๎™•๎˜’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜‘๎™“๎™‹๎™“๎˜’๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜—๎˜’๎˜—๎˜™๎˜š๎˜™]
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎šณ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎šณ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ Saberes para la sustentabilidad๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒEl trabajo de cuidados. Historia,
teorรญa y polรญticas,๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒRebeldรญas en comรบn. Sobre comunales, nuevos
comunes y economรญas cooperativas, ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™—๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒยฟPara quรฉ sirve realmente la economรญa?๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎šต๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ Calibรกn y la bruja: Mujeres, cuerpo y acumulaciรณn
originaria,๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎ž“๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎šณ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎šฃ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎šฃ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ Revista Ctxt๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™†๎™—๎™›๎™—๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜š๎˜–๎˜”๎˜’๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜’๎˜•๎˜š๎˜™๎˜—๎˜–๎˜’๎˜ญ๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ฉ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜
๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎™‹๎™—๎™๎™€
๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎šฃ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎šฃ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒCiudades en movimiento.
Avances y contradicciones de las polรญticas municipalistas ante las
transiciones ecosociales๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎šฃ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒยฟPor quรฉ las ciudades son clave en la transiciรณn ecolรณgica?๎˜๎˜ƒ
Informe sostenibilidad 2019, Fundaciรณn Alternativas, Madrid.
Gago, V. (2015): La razรณn neoliberal. Economรญas barrocas y pragmรกtica
popular, Tra๎ž“cantes de Sueรฑos, Madrid.
Gibson-Graham, J. K. (2011): Una polรญtica poscapitalista, Siglo del hombre
editores, Bogotรก.
Herrero, Y. y Gonzรกlez Reyes, L. (2011): โ€œDecrecimiento justo o barbarieโ€,
Revista Pueblos, n. 49.
๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒProsperity without Growth. Foundations for the economy
of tomorrow๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–
๎˜ฎ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ La doctrina del shock: El auge del capitalismo del desastre๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎šต๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎šฏ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒEl potlatch digital: Wikipedia y el triunfo
del procomรบn y el conocimiento compartido๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎šฃ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘
Los nuevos comunes: disputando la transiciรณn inaplazable
123RIESISE, 2 (2019) pp. 103-124
http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/riesise.v2i0.3690
๎˜ฒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ El gobierno de los comunes. La evoluciรณn de las
instituciones de acciรณn colectiva,๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ฆ๎˜จ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎šซ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘
Pรฉrez Orozco, A. (2014): Subversiรณn feminista de la economรญa.๎˜ƒAportes para
un debate sobre el con๎ดicto capital-vida, Tra๎ž“cantes de Sueรฑos, Madrid.
Prats, F., Herrero, Y. y Torrego, A. (2016): La gran encrucijada, Libros en Acciรณn
y Editorial Icaria, Madrid/Barcelona
๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™‰๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒLa sociedad de coste marginal cero. El Internet de las cosas,
el procomรบn colaborativo y el eclipse del capitalismo๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎šต๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ Territorio, autoridad y derechos: de los ensamblajes
medievales a los ensamblajes globales, ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™—๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ La corrosiรณn del carรกcter. Las consecuencias
personales del trabajo en el nuevo capitalismo๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ Epistemologรญa del sur, ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎šซ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™™๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎šต๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎šฃ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ B๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Sousa Santos๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜Œ, Democratizar la
democracia,๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™Œ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™„๎™“๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™—๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒWikinomics: La nueva economรญa de las
multitudes inteligentes๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎šต๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜น๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ค๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™๎šผ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ comunesโ€, Dossieres EsF nยบ
16, [disponible en ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎™š๎™“๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜’๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎˜’
๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜จ๎™๎˜๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ˆ๎˜ฆ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ฅ๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜๎™œ๎˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰]
๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎šฏ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ Producir lo comรบn. Entramados
comunitarios y luchas por la vida, Tra๎ž“cantes de Sueรฑos, Madrid.