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Análisis y Modicación de Conducta
2024, Vol. 50, Nº 183, 21-34
ISSN: 0211-7339
Do patients with suicidal ideation dier from those
with suicidal behavior in sociodemographic and
clinical variables?
¿Dieren los pacientes con ideación suicida de
aquellos con comportamiento suicida en variables
sociodemográcas y clínicas?
María Aliño1, Daniel Sánchez-Reolid2, Marta Monferrer3, María J Montes1, Antonio Fernández-Caballero2,4,5
Patricia Fernández-Sotos1,4 Jorge J. Ricarte6
1 Mental Health Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete (CHUA), Albacete, Spain
2 Computing Systems Department, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
3 Mental Health Service, Hospital Lluis Alcanyis, Játiva, Spain
4 CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain
5 Instituto de Investigación en Informática de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
6 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
Resumen
Este estudio observacional, analítico, transversal y
prospectivo (n=64) diferencia sociodemográca y clíni-
camente dos grupos (SI y SB) pretendiendo establecer
perles de pacientes. Mujeres solteras de 33,39 años
(SI) y 28 años (SB), residentes urbanas sin hijos, a me-
nudo estudiantes o trabajadoras en roles menos espe-
cializados, identicadas como de clase media. Más del
60% de los SI y el 83% de los SB recibieron tratamiento
psicofarmacológico y atención ambulatoria pero nun-
ca hospitalización. SI presentó inicio de ideación suici-
da a los 26, SB a los 23, con un 62% de SB antes de los
18. El 86,4% de SI y el 90% de SB carecían de antece-
dentes familiares de suicidio, sin embargo, 80% de SI
tenía antecedentes familiares de enfermedad mental
versus el 36% de SB. Planicación e ideación antes de
los intentos aumentaron el riesgo de severidad. Nues-
tros hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de prevención es-
pecíca e intervención para esta población.
PalabRas clave
Pensamientos suicidas; Ideación suicida; Comporta-
miento suicida; Perles sociodemográcos; Perles clínicos.
abstRact
This observational, analytical, cross-sectional,
and prospective study (n=64) dierentiates sociode-
mographically and clinically between two groups (SI
and SB) aiming to establish patient proles. Unma-
rried women aged 33.39 years (SI) and 28 years (SB),
urban residents without children, often students or
workers in less specialized roles, identied as midd-
le class. More than 60% of the SI and 83% of the SB
received psychopharmacological treatment and
outpatient care but were never hospitalized. SI pre-
sented onset of suicidal ideation at 26, SB at 23, with
62% of SB before the age of 18. 86.4% of SI and 90%
of SB lacked family history of suicide, however, 80%
of SI had a family history of mental illness versus 36%
of SB. Planning and ideation before attempts increa-
sed the risk of severity. Our ndings underscore the
need for specic prevention and intervention for this
population.
KeywoRds
Suicidal thoughts; Suicidal ideation; Suicidal beha-
vior; Sociodemographic proles; Clinical proles.
Correspondencia: María Aliño. E-mail: mariaalinyodies@gmail.com
Recibido: 21/02/2024; aceptado: 10/05/2024
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Análisis y Modicación de Conducta, 2024, vol. 50, nº 183
Introduction
Suicide is a major health concern world-
wide. According to recent data from the World
Health Organization (WHO) in 2022, it is re-
sponsible for approximately 800,000 deaths
annually, being the fourth leading cause of
death in individuals under the age of 35. While
the WHO aims to reduce suicide deaths by a
third by 2030, the COVID-19 pandemic has
had a devastating impact on mental health,
increasing even more the rates of suicide (Am-
merman et al., 2021). Furthermore, recent re-
search has revealed that suicidal thoughts
were present in approximately 11.84% of the
population during the COVID pandemic (Dubé
et al., 2021), in Spain, suicide rates exceeded
4,000 for the rst time in 2022 (Observatorio
del Suicidio en España 2021, s. f.), and is par-
ticularly concerning that these numbers have
risen among vulnerable populations, includ-
ing young people with mental health issues
(Berardelli et al., 2021, Galbraith et al., 2021).
Moreover, prior to committing suicide, indi-
viduals use to experience multiple previous
attempts, associated with suicidal thoughts
(Wang et al., 2020).
Suicidal ideation (SI) is a concept that in-
cludes dierent stages of the desire to die,
from isolated passive ideas of death to the rm
and elaborate desire to want to kill oneself. On
the other hand, suicidal behavior (SB) includes
all the actions that the individual performs to
die, including suicidal acts per se. Some au-
thors have recently described the prevalence
of suicide by dierentiating between SI and
SB. In a meta-analysis of 54 studies, Dubé et
al. (2021) found that the event rate for suicidal
ideation in clinical and community samples
was 10.81%; in turns, rates for suicide attempts
and self-harm rates where superior in the clini-
cal samples rating the 4.68% and 9.63%, re-
spectively.
Regarding the sociodemographic prole
of these patients, a recent study found the
following factors, from most related to least
related to consumed suicide: social isolation,
unemployment, low socio-economic status,
being single, low income, living alone, individ-
uals who do not adhere to a specic religious
belief, and having no children (Favril et al.,
2022). Other recent studies have shown that
certain sociodemographic factors increase the
risk of suicide, such as being a young woman
from democratic countries (Dubée et al., 2021)
or being young men with more than three risk
factors (Ma et al., 2022). Additionally, being a
young person between the ages of 11 and 21
and a university student has been found to be
a risk factor for having suicidal thoughts, idea-
tion, and self-harm (Shobhana & Raviraj, 2022).
However, despite the importance of the fore-
named sociodemographic variables as signi-
cant risk factors, clinical variables have been
described as the most relevant ones, such as
being previously diagnosed with a psychiatric
illness. 71% of those who died by suicide had
a psychiatric diagnose, being mayor depres-
sion the most frequent diagnosis, followed by
borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia
and substance use disorders, including alcohol
(Favril et al., 2022, Berkelmans et al., 2021).
Other clinical variables that have been
strongly associated with higher risk of suicide
are having a previous attempt, increasing the
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risk especially during the rst year following
(Berardelli et al ., 2020) and having discharged
from a mental health unit, being the risk in
this case maintained higher during the rst
two years following their release (Kotrbová
et al., 2017). Accordingly, being a survivor
confers more risk of suicide, but also being a
suicide-loss survivor (Oexle & Rüsch., 2018)
since familiar clustering of suicidal behaviors
supposes an increment of suicidal behavior,
and not only when there is a family history of
suicide (Bridge et al., 2015, McGirr et al., 2009,
Tidemalm et al., 2011) but even when there is
a family history of psychiatric illness (Qin et al.,
2002). Importantly, the feeling of hopelessness
per se is closely related to suicidal ideation or
behavior (Ribeiro et al., 2018, Mitjans & Arias.,
2012) and it is worthy to highlight that around
20% of people who die by suicide did not have
a previous diagnosis or a history of contact
with mental health units, nor did they belong
to a clinical sample.
Given that SI can be the prelude to SB
(Wang et al., 2019) and this type of behavior
puts the patient at risk of dying by suicide, it
makes sense at a preventive level to establish
the prole of patients with SI and SB, and to
determine which aspects of suicidal ideation
put the patient at greater risk of attempting
suicide.
Patients suering from suicidal thoughts
and behavior are often attended in the emer-
gency departments. A recent study exploring
the proles of these patients, stated that those
who attempted suicide, were patients with a
psychiatric history, being the principal meth-
od the drug-overdose, by using with their own
usual psychiatric medications. Although this
method is considered as low lethality, it should
be taken seriously due to its high prevalence,
and the fact that may potentially escalate to
higher-risk methods, ultimately resulting in
suicide. Over-ingestion of medication is com-
paratively less harmful than other methods
(such as re guns or defenestration), mainly
due to the high dosage required to cause sig-
nicant somatic damage, especially with seda-
tive drugs. However, almost 70% of attempters
had more than one previous attention in the
emergency department for a suicide attempt,
and their suicide methods had been changed
to increase the suicide success rate (Yeon et al.,
2015). The main objective of this study is to es-
tablish the clinical and sociodemographic dif-
ferences between two groups of patients from
the suicide prevention program of the Univer-
sitary Hospital Complex of Albacete, the rst
group with suicidal ideation but not attempts
and the second with suicidal behavior (suicide
attempts, self-inicted lesions).
Consistent with the latter perspective, we
hypothesized that the sociodemographic and
clinical proles of patients with suicidal idea-
tion and suicidal behavior will be in line with
the current literature; young women or men,
single, students living with their families, with
previous psychiatric pathology and undergo-
ing treatment. Patients with suicidal behav-
ior and ideation will have similar proles, but
those with suicidal behavior will require more
attention in mental health units or have pre-
viously consulted with suicidal thoughts. On
the other hand, among patients who have pre-
sented suicidal behavior, those with prior SI
24 DO PATIENTS WITH SUICIDAL IDEATION DIFFER FROM THOSE WITH SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN ...
Análisis y Modicación de Conducta, 2024, vol. 50, nº 183
and premeditation or planning of the suicidal
act will have more severe suicide attempts.
Therefore, those who have more structured
suicidal ideation will have higher risk of subse-
quent suicidal behavior.
Materials and methods
Study design
This is an observational, analytical, cross-
sectional, and prospective study. Participant
recruitment
The sample was composed by 64 patients,
32 for the SI group and 32 for the SB group, the
patients included in the study were 14 years old
or older. The number of patients for each sam-
ple was determined by the Statulator Program
(Dhand & Khatkar, 2014), which indicates that
a number of 64 is needed to achieve a power
of 80%. The selection criteria were as follows:
a) suicidal ideation / active suicidal behavior. b)
speak Spanish correctly. c) sign the informed
consent (in the case of patients under 18 years
of age, informed consent adapted to the minor
and informed consent to be completed by the
legal guardian were included). Regarding to
the exclusion criteria, it was stablished: a) intel-
lectual disability. b) pervasive developmental
disorder. c) neurological damage that aects
the completion of the questionnaires. d) b to
be diagnosed with any neurological or sys-
temic disease with signicant central nervous
system involvement. e) patients under hospi-
talization.
Procedure
Data collection was carried out from May
2021 to December 2022. Patients were col-
lected from the monographic consultation of
the Suicide Risk Outpatient Care clinic at the
mental health service of the University Hospi-
tal Complex of Albacete, which is composed
by a psychiatrist and a clinical psychologist.
The patients of this program are referred from
the dierent Mental Health units (Psychiatric
Emergency Services, Brief Hospitalization Unit,
Interconsultation and Liaison Unit, External
Consultations) from Primary Care and Special-
ized attention, when there is an active suicidal
ideation or behavior.
After a rst assessment consultation, the
professionals oversaw assessing whether the
patient met the inclusion/exclusion criteria for
the research study. An informed consent was
signed after explaining the study.
The patients were classied and included in
one group or another based on suicidal idea-
tion and behaviors presented in the last three
months. If the patient presented both suicidal
ideation and behavior, they were included in
the BS group. It was the professional who ex-
plored this information in the rst interview,
through the clinical interview.
All data regarding self-injurious methods
and resulting somatic damage were collected
through a thorough examination of clinical
histories. The classication of somatic damage
was determined based on the level of hospi-
talization required by the patient, including
admission to the ICU, standard hospitalization,
or discharge.
Data collection methods
We collected a range of sociodemographic
and clinical variables for our study. Sociode-
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mographic variables included gender, age,
education level, employment status, marital
status, children, family living situation, and
place of residence. Clinical variables included
personal psychiatric history (including infor-
mation about attempted suicide or suicidal
behavior), personal medical history, family
psychiatric and medical history, substance use
(current and past), treatment (pharmacologi-
cal and psychosocial), and previous hospital
admissions. We also recorded the number of
psychiatric emergency visits, psychiatric inpa-
tient admissions, and the age at which suicidal
thoughts rst appeared. Psychopathology was
assessed following the DSM-5 classication.
For participants in the suicidal behavior group,
we explored the self-harm methods used and
added this information to the database after
conducting interviews.
Stadistical analysis
In the analysis of this research, various sta-
tistical techniques were employed to assess
and understand the relationships between the
key variables in the study.
In both the socio-demographic and clinical
domains, it was crucial to consider a wide range
of variables to obtain a complete understand-
ing of the study population and patient char-
acteristics. These variables were classied into
three main categories: discrete quantitative,
nominal qualitative and ordinal qualitative. To
determine whether the data followed a normal
distribution for discrete quantitative variables,
such as age, a normality test was performed.
Due to the lack of normality in the data, the
Mann-Whitney U test was applied to investi-
gate dierences between groups. In the case
of nominal qualitative variables. Homogeneity
tests, such as the Chi-square of homogeneity
and Fisher’s exact test, were used to assess the
existence of signicant statistical relationships
between groups. On the other hand, for ordi-
nal qualitative variables, the Mann-Whitney U
test was applied to determine signicant dif-
ferences between groups.
To investigate the relationship between
the degree of severity of the suicide attempt
(measured by the degree of somatic dam-
age) and the variables ideation of the attempt,
planning, request for help after the attempt
and self-harm methods, tests of independence
were applied, such as the Chi-square test of
independence and Fisher’s exact test. In ad-
dition, Cramer’s V test was used to assess the
strength of the association with the degree of
somatic harm.
In all cases, p-value, power (1 - β) and ef-
fect size (with specic endpoints, such as w for
Chi-Square and d for Mann-Whitney U) were
calculated. These calculations provided a more
complete understanding of the strength and
signicance of the relationships studied in this
scientic research.
Results
Sociodemographic and clinical proles
Among the 32 patients of each sample
(SI and SB), the mean age was 33.39 years
(SD=17.61) for the SI group and 28 years
(SD=16) for SB. The majority of the participants
were women in both groups (54,5% SI, 78,4%
SB). Most had primary studies (50.9% SI , 48.6%
SB) , were single (61.8% SI , 61.1% SB) with no
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Análisis y Modicación de Conducta, 2024, vol. 50, nº 183
children (69.4% SI, 62.5% SB) students (41.1%
SI, 55.6% SB) , lived with their family of origin
(58.9% SI, 67.6% SB) in a urban environment
(75.5% SI, 80% SB) and had medium perceived
economic level (50.9% SI, 57,15% SB).
The existence of dierences between the
two independent samples were compared. Re-
garding the sociodemographic prole, only in
the case of gender (χ2(1) =5.462, p= 0.019, 1 – β=
0.58, w= 0.27) signicant dierences between
both groups were found, stating that either sui-
cidal ideation or suicidal behaviour were more
prevalent among women. Sample sociodemo-
graphic characteristics of the suicidal ideation
and suicidal behavior group are reported in Ta-
ble 1 alongside signicance testing.
In both SI and SB groups, most individuals
had prior psychiatric diagnoses and were on
medication. Emergency psychiatric care was
received by over 50% of each group, but only
a small percentage were admitted to psychiat-
ric units. A family history of mental illness was
common in the SI group (76.7%), but not in the
SB group (36.5%). It is worth noting that the
majority of the sample in both groups had no
family history of suicide.
Performing dierent statistical tests, the
existence of clinical dierences was veried
between the two independent groups ana-
lyzed. There were only signicant dierences
in the number of times the patient attended
psychiatric emergencies (U =661.50, Z=-2.99,
p=0.003, 1 – β= 0.42, w= 0.61). Sample clini-
cal characteristics of the suicidal ideation and
suicidal behavior group are reported in Table 2
alongside signicance testing.
Self-injurious methods for the sample of
patients who present suicidal behavior
Within the group of patients with SB, the
most frequent self-injurious method was over
ingestion of medication with sedative eect
(56.8%), followed by over ingestion of medica-
tion without sedative eect (21.6%), infusion
(10.8%) and in a similar proportion the use of
chemical products, re, defenestration and
hanging (2.7%).
Variables of the SI associated with greater
risk of having more serious consequences de-
rived from suicide attempt
The somatic consequences of the suicide
attempt in patients from the SB group were;
57.1% of the patients who carried out a suicide
attempt presented a degree of somatic dam-
age with minimal consequences, while 28.6%
of the sample presented moderate injuries and
14.3% required a medical or surgical hospital
admission due to injuries.
Our study aimed to establish a correlation
between the severity of a suicide attempt, as
measured by the physical harm caused, and
several contributing factors including the level
of planning, ideation, and seeking help post-
attempt.
The association with the variable degree
of somatic damage and the ideation of the at-
tempt, shows a moderate intensity of associa-
tion (χ2(2) = 10.877, p=0.002, V=0.574, 1 – β=
0.76, w= 0.71), and also presents a high eect
size (w > 0.50). From the data obtained from
the sample, 80% of the patients who did not
present ideation of the attempt suered mini-
mal consequences in terms of the degree of
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somatic damage. On the other hand, 53.8% of
the patients who presented ideation of the at-
tempt presented moderate lesions. Therefore,
we might expect that patients who had previ-
ous ideation of the attempt were more likely
to experience an attempt with more serious
consequences.
It is observed that there is a moderate as-
sociation between planning the attempt and
the degree of somatic damage (χ2(2) = 14.441,
p=0.002, V=0.672, 1 – β= 0.67, w= 0.68) and
this, in turn, shows a high eect size (w > 0.50).
From the collected data, it can be extracted
that 73.1% of the patients who did not carry
out a planning, carried out a less serious at-
tempt, compared to 83.3% of the patients who
did carry out a planning, who presented mod-
erate lesions. In this case, we observe that pa-
tients who plan are more likely to suer a sui-
cide attempt with more serious consequences.
When relating the variables request for
help after the attempt and degree of somatic
damage, we obtain that there is a strong asso-
ciation between them (χ2(2) = 16.709, p=0.000,
V=0.712, 1 – β= 0.83, w= 0.88), with a high ef-
fect size (w > 0.50). Based on the available data,
we can observe that 85% of the patients who
requested help after the attempt had minimal
consequences. In contrast, it was observed
that a large percentage of patients who did
not request help after the attempt presented
moderate injuries (53.8%). Therefore, we could
say that patients who seek help after the at-
tempt tend to suer a less severe attempt.
A moderate association between the de-
gree of somatic damage and self-harm meth-
ods (χ 2(1 2) = 28.750, p=0.00 1, V=0.641, 1 –
β= 0 .2 6, w= 0.67) , with a high eect size (w
> 0.50), is shown in .The available data reveal
that 100.00% of the patients presenting mod-
erate lesions are due to the over-ingestion of
drugs with a sedative eect. In addition, it was
also observed that 60 % of the patients who
required hospital admission were due to the
over-ingestion of medications without a seda-
tive eect and a similar proportion was found
to be due to the use of re and defenestra-
tion, which represented 20 %. It is observed
that in 50% of the patients with minimal con-
sequences, the cause of the lesion is due to
over-ingestion of drugs with a sedative eect,
followed by over-ingestion of drugs without a
sedative eect, infusion and the use of chemi-
cal products and hanging (5 %). We can see
that the most widely used self-harm method
is the over-intake of drugs with a sedative ef-
fect and its association with dierent degrees
of somatic damage.
Discussion
The current research explored variables
that dierentiate SI from SB in a sample of 64
patients from a monographic suicide preven-
tion program in a Mental Health Service in
Spain. Understanding suicidal ideation and
identifying risk factors for suicide, is crucial in
preventing suicidal behavior. However, current
research lacks more specic suicide risk pro-
les, making it challenging to develop eec-
tive policies and initiatives. To our knowledge,
this is the rst study that compares both SB
and SI samples to investigate their sociode-
mographic and clinical distinctions, and also
explores variables regarding suicide ideation
28 DO PATIENTS WITH SUICIDAL IDEATION DIFFER FROM THOSE WITH SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN ...
Análisis y Modicación de Conducta, 2024, vol. 50, nº 183
that put the patient at a higher risk of commit-
ting a more severe attempt of suicide.
Our research indicates that both study
groups had similar risk proles as previously
described in recent literature. The participants
in both groups were young, single women
from middle-class backgrounds, living in ur-
ban areas with their family of origin. Most had
a history of mental illness and were receiving
treatment but had never been admitted to a
psychiatric unit. Some authors have indicated
that certain groups may be more prone to
exhibiting suicidal behaviors. For example,
Dubé et al. (2021) found that young women
in democratic countries like Spain could be at
risk of suicidal behaviors. Similarly, D’Hond et
al. (2020) and Ma et al. (2022) identied univer-
sity students as a susceptible demographic for
suicidal ideation. Additionally, a recent meta-
analysis conducted by Shobhana and Ravirj
(2021) highlighted that young people aged 11
to 21 years who are enrolled in university may
be at risk of suicidal ideation.
Besides, we provided more specic infor-
mation on the relationship between suicidal
ideation and suicide attempt severity, showing
a moderate correlation between previous SI
and the seriousness of suicide attempts, which
is consistent with recent research by Hubers et
al. (2019) and Guo Z et al. (2023). These studies
found that individuals who had expressed SI
in the past were at a higher risk of completing
suicide, especially within the psychiatric popu-
lation. Our study also revealed that pharmaco-
logical over ingestion was the most common
method used, but it was also the most severe,
suggesting that accessibility and frequency
should not be confused with lethality. There-
fore, clinicians should not underestimate the
potential for serious harm caused by sedative
medication and should not perceive suicide at-
tempts using this method as less severe.
Regarding suicidal behaviors (SB) we found
that this group had statistically signicant
more emergency psychiatric care visits be-
fore enrolling in the suicide prevention pro-
gram. They also had an earlier onset of suicidal
thoughts, with a high occurrence in minors,
and younger patients may have fewer resourc-
es to cope with their suering. Contrary to
existing literature, the SB sample in this study
had no family history of mental health or sui-
cide (Ong et al., 2021) This could indicate that
young people with a family history of mental
illness may seek help more readily and feel
more comfortable discussing their suering,
preventing the progression of suicidal idea-
tion to behavior. In this study, patients with
SB had high prevalence of medical history, be-
ing chronic pain the most frequent diagnoses.
Chronic pain has been found to be an impor-
tant independent risk factor for suicidality and
the only sociodemographic factor found to be
associated with suicidality in individuals with
chronic pain was being unemployed/disabled
(Racine M et al. 2018)
It should be noted that there are certain
limitations to our ndings. Firstly, it has been
reported that almost 50-60% of people who
die by suicide have not previously disclosed
their suicidal thoughts (Hallford et al., 2023), so
our results may only apply to those who have
sought help or attempted suicide. Secondly,
we have analyzed patients who presented
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Análisis y Modicación de Conducta, 2024, vol. 50, nº 183
with suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal behav-
ior (SB) separately, but we have not followed
up with patients who initially had SI but later
developed SB during the study.
To sum up, our results showed that, young
women, single, with no children, studying
or with unqualied jobs and with a previous
psychiatric diagnose and current treatment
would be a vulnerable population of both SI
and possible subsequent SB. Patients with SB
had signicantly more emergency attentions
prior to the attempt, so patients who frequent
the emergency department or those who have
been recently attended should be followed
more closely. Moreover, when there is suicidal
ideation before the suicide attempt, and it is
structured (planned), there is a higher risk that
in case of evolving into suicidal behavior, the
attempt will be more severe. Hence, it would
be necessary to focus on the patients with the
described proles (young women, single, with
no children, studying or with unqualied jobs
and with a previous psychiatric diagnose and
current treatment) and follow them closely so
that when the suicidal ideation includes the
high-risk variables exposed, more decisive ac-
tion could be taken to prevent these patients
from engaging in suicidal behavior. Therefore,
establishing suicide prevention programs is
of utmost importance to eectively manage
patients who exhibit suicidal tendencies. As
presented by this study, such programs have
also yielded encouraging results in identifying
risk proles. They are particularly crucial when
dealing with patients who display suicidal be-
havior risk factors and require urgent interven-
tion.
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Table 1
Comparison of the sociodemographic prole of patients with suicidal ideation and patients with
suicidal behavior.
Patients with SI Patients with SB
Mean age
Between 14 and 18 years
Between 18 and 29 years
33.39 years (SD=17.61)
26.8%
26.8%
28.24 years (SD=16.00)
35.1%
29.7%
Gender
Male
Women
45.5%
54.5%
21.6%
78.4%
Educational level
Primary studies 50.9% 48.6%
Professional situation
Student
Unqualied work activity
41.1%
17.9%
55.6%
13.9%
Marital status
Single
Married or with a partner
61.8%
27.3%
61.1%
25%
Children
Yes
No
30.%
69.4%
37.5%
62.5%
Family coexistence
Lived with their family of origin
Cohabitation with their own family
58.9%
33.9%
67.6%
24.3%
Place of residence
Urban environment
Rural environment
75.5%
24.5%
80%
20%
Perceived economic level
Midium 50.9% 57.15%
33
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Análisis y Modicación de Conducta, 2024, vol. 50, nº 183
Table 2
Comparison of the clinical prole of patients with suicidal ideation and patients with suicidal
behavior
Patients with SI Patients with SB
Psychiatric diagnoses
Depressive disorders
Disorders related to trauma and stress
factor
Personality disorders
32.4%
29.7%
16.2%
28.3%
32.1%
15.15%
Previuos emergency psychiatric care
Never attended
Only once
At least once
41.8%
34.5%
23.7%
48.6%
51.4%
Number of admissions to psychiatric unit
Never been admitted
One admission
More than one
89.3%
10.7%
78.4%
10.8%
10.8%
Mean age of onset of suicidal ideation
Onset before 18 years 26.27 years (SD=16.27)
48.1%
23.40 years (SD=16.59)
62.9%
History of drug abuse
Not consume any toxic substance
Alcohol
Tobacco
Cannabis
80.0%
9.09%
7.27%
3.64%
68.29%
9.75%
9.76%
12.20%
Personal medical history
No medical history of interest
Chronic pain secondary to dierent mus-
culoskeletal diseases
High blood pressure
Diabetes mellitus
Cancer
Epilepsy
Hypothyroidism
Crohn’s disease
42.9%
16.7%
12.5%
12.5%
75%
4.2%
4.2%
4.2%
4.2%
4.2%
4.2%
4.2%
(Continúa)
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Patients with SI Patients with SB
Current psychiatric treatment
Yes
Antidepressants
Benzodiazepines
61.3%
48.3%
36.2%
81.3%
54.8%
37.5%
Psychiatric family history
No
Yes
Depressive disorders
Substance use disorder
History of suicide attempts
Yes
No
23.3%
76.7%
25.6%
14%
15.4%
84.6%
63.5%
36.5%
25.6%
14%
10%
90%
