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Abstract:
The relative age effect (RAE) refers to the consequen-
ces on sports performance, thanks to the physical and
psychological differences that may exist between those
born in the first months of the year and players of the
same year. Objective: to determine the relationship of
the physical profile, nutritional status and the effect of re-
lative age of youth basketball players from 9 to 16 years
old, with the sports performance shown. Methodology: A
non-experimental study was carried out, correlating the
variables measured to the sample of 1302 subjects natio-
nal tournament participants. Results: Differences in per-
formance were found in female U12 categories based on
the month of birth (rho= -.323; p =.027), with those born
in the first stages of the year having the greatest sporting
advantage, an effect was also evident of the RAE in the
U14 male category, for the rest of the categories there is
no relationship, if it is observed how height and weight
influence early specialization. Conclusions: It is determi-
ned for the U12 female and U14 male category that there
is a directly proportional relationship between the physi-
cal profile, nutritional status and the effect of the relative
age of the players, with the sporting performance shown
in the 2023 National Minor League Tournament of the
Costa Rican Basketball Federation, in the other catego-
ries this relationship with the RAE does not exist.
Keywords:
Early specialization, mini-basketball, maturation, chrono-
logical age
Fecha de recepción: 14 de junio de 2024
Resumen:
El efecto de la edad relativa (RAE) hace referencia a las
consecuencias en el rendimiento deportivo, gracias a las
diferencias físicas y psicológicas que pueden existir entre
los nacidos en los primeros meses del año y los jugado-
res del mismo año. Objetivo: determinar la relación del
perfil físico, el estado nutricional y el efecto de la edad
relativa de los jugadores de baloncesto juveniles de 9
a 16 años, con el rendimiento deportivo mostrado. Me-
todología: Se realizó un estudio no experimental, corre-
lacionando las variables medidas a la muestra de 1302
sujetos participantes del torneo nacional. Resultados: Se
encontró diferencias de rendimiento en categorías U12
femenino con base al mes de nacimiento (rho= -,323;
p =,027), siendo las nacidas en las primeras etapas del
año quienes tienen mayor ventaja deportiva, también se
evidenció efecto del RAE en la categoría U14 masculino,
para el resto de categorías no existe relación, si se obser-
va como la talla y el peso influyen en una especialización
temprana. Conclusiones: Se determina para la categoría
U12 femenino y U14 masculino que existe una relación
directamente proporcional entre el perfil físico, el estado
nutricional y el efecto de la edad relativa de los jugado-
res, con el rendimiento deportivo mostrado en el Torneo
Nacional de Liga Menor 2023 de la Federación Costa-
rricense de Baloncesto, en las otras categorías no existe
esta relación con el RAE.
Palabras claves:
Especialización temprana, minibaloncesto, maduración,
edad cronológica
Fecha de aceptación: 06 de marzo de 2024
Perfil físico, estado nutricional y efecto de
la edad relativa de jugadores de baloncesto
juveniles de 9 a 16 años, relacionado con
el rendimiento deportivo en Liga Menor
Costarricense
Physical profile, nutritional status and effect of
relative age of youth basketball players from 9 to
16 years old, related to sports performance in the
Costa Rican Minor League
M.Sc. Jimmy Rojas-Quirós
Universidad Florencio del Castillo UCA. Escuela de Educación Física,
Deporte y Recreación. Costa Rica
jrojas@uca.ac.cr
Coach Natalia Gálvez-Morales
Universidad Florencio del Castillo UCA. Escuela de Educación Física,
Deporte y Recreación. Costa Rica