Regulación emocional y terapias psicológicas empíricamente apoyadas: Confluencias, complementariedades y divergencias
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Teniéndose como referencia el Modelo Procesual Extendido de regulación emocional de Gross (2015a) se realiza un breve relevamiento de diversos conceptos y procesos provenientes de distintos ámbitos de la investigación básica y aplicada vinculados con las terapias contextuales y cognitivo-conductuales. Esto permite vincular distintos procesos de cambio con los componentes de las etapas de regulación contempladas en el modelo. Se propone que en algunos de estos procesos de cambio el sistema de segundo orden se enfocaría principalmente en los componentes del sistema de valoración que da lugar a la emoción (por ej. modificación, distracción o reevaluación de la situación), mientras que en otros tendría como objeto principal sus propios procesos, especialmente los de la etapa de identificación (por ej. aceptación, atención o reevaluación de la emoción), aunque no exclusivamente. Las intervenciones de las terapias cognitivo-conductuales tradicionales parecen promover el uso de estrategias orientadas a producir cambios sobre todo en el sistema de valoración de primer orden, mientras que, las terapias contextuales y cognitivo-conductuales más recientes se focalizan mucho más en los procesos de la etapa de identificación del sistema de segundo orden. Estas divergencias se aprecian más claramente cuando se considera el lugar destacado que ocupa la aceptación, la consciencia emocional y el distanciamiento/defusión cognitiva en estas últimas.
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