Dificultades en la identificación, evaluación y tratamiento de niños y adolescentes con TDAH
Palabras clave:
Resumen
Muchos estudios acerca del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) han documentado que este trastorno del neurodesarrollo puede estar infraidentificado. De ahí que el diagnóstico precoz de niños y adolescentes con TDAH resulte importante, representando las intervenciones escolares una herramienta fundamental para trabajar en esta área. Para identificar problemas en el diagnóstico, la evaluación y el tratamiento de niños y adolescentes con TDAH, se analizan aquí los hallazgos de investigaciones que podrían conducir a resultados significativamente mejores para los niños y adolescentes con TDAH. Los estudios revisados brevemente proceden de una búsqueda en MEDLINE, entre los años 2009 a 2022, utilizando para ello los términos "TDAH", "identificación", prevalencia", "evaluación", "tratamiento", "dificultades de aprendizaje" y "TDAH" y "comorbilidad" combinados, al resultar tales términos claves para un diagnóstico preciso. La literatura revisada sugiere que múltiples aspectos asociados a las características psicométricas, así como a los factores clínicos y/o farmacológicos deben ser considerados de gran importancia clínica en la identificación, evaluación y tratamiento de individuos diagnosticados con TDAH. De este modo, se torna importante indagar en torno a las dificultades vinculadas a identificar, evaluar y tratar a niños y adolescentes con TDAH en diferentes contextos.
Descargas
Altmetrics
Citas
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) (2011) ADHD: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics, vol. 128, nº 5, 1-16.
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2654
Austerman, J. (2015) ADHD and behavioral disorders: Assessment, management, and an update from DSM-5. Cleve Clin J Med, 82: 2-7. http://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.82.s1.01
Balbuena, F. (2016). La elevada prevalencia del TDAH: posibles causas y repercusiones socioeducativas [High prevalence of ADHD: Possible causes and socio-educational impact]. Psicología Educativa [Educational Psychology Journal], vol. 22, nº 2, pp. 81-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pse.2015.12.002
Becker, S. P., Breaux, R, Cusik, C. N, Dvorsky M. R., Marsh N. P, Sciberras, E. & Langberg, Remote Learning During COVID-19: Examining School Practices, Service Continuation, and Difficulties for Adolescents with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder. J Adolesc Health, 67 (6): 769-77. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.002
Bélanger, S. A, Andrews, D, Gray, C, y Korczak, D (2018) ADHD in children and youth: Part 1-Etiology, diagnosis, and comorbidity. Paediatric Child Health, 23 (7): 447-453. http://doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxy109
Bobo, E, Lin, L, Acquaviva, E, Caci, H, Franc N, Gamon, L, Picot, M-C, Pupier, F, Speranza, M, Falissard, B & Purper-Quakil, D (2020). How do children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience lockdown during the COVID-19 outbreak? Encephale, 46 (35): 585-592. http://doi.org/10.1016/jencep.2020.05.011
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development. Experiments for Nature and Design. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Clark, B, y Bélanger, S. A (2018) ADHD in children and youth: Part 3-Assessment and treatment with comorbid ASD, ID, or prematurity. Paediatr Child Health, 23(7): 485-490. http://doi.org/ 10.1093/pch/pxy111
Cortese, S, Brown, T. E, Corkum, P, Gruber, R., O’Brien, L. M., Stein, M., Weiss, M., y Owens, J. (2013) Assessment and management of sleep problems in youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 52(8): 784-96. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.06.001
Davidson, F, Rusak, B, Chambers, C, & Corkum, P. (2019). The impact of sleep restriction on daytime functioning in School-Age children with and without ADHD: A narrative review of the literature, 34 (3): 188-214. http://doi.org/ 10.1177/0829573518770593
Davoody, S, Goeschl, S, Dolatshahi, M, Davari-Ashtiani, R, Saffarpour, R, Sodeifian, F, & Brand, S. (2022). Relation between ADHD and COVID-19: A Narrative Review to Guide Advancing Clinical Research and Therapy. Iran J Psychiatry, 17 (1): 110-117. http://doi.org/ 10.18502/ijps.v17i.8055
Epstein, T, Patsopoulos, N. A, & Weiser, M. (2014) Immediate-release methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 18; 9. http://doi.org/ 10.1002/14651858.CD005041.pub2
Erskine, H. E, Norman, R. E, Ferrari, A. J, Chan, G. C.K., Copeland, W. E., Whiteford, H. A., & Scott, J. G. (2016) Long-Term Outcomes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 55(10):841-50. http://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.016
Ferrin, M, Moreno-Granados J. M, Salcedo-Marín M. D, Ruiz-Veguilla, M., Pérez-Ayala, V., & Taylor, E. (2014) Evaluation of a psychoeducation programme for parents of Children and adolescents with ADHD: immediate and long-term effects using a blind randomized controlled trial. Euro Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 23:637-647. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-013-0494-7
Gorlin, E. L, Dalrymple, K, Chelminski, I, & Zimmerman, M. (2016) Diagnostic profiles of adult psychiatric outpatients with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Compr Psychiatry, 2016; 70:90-97. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.020
Hinshaw, S. P, & Scheffler R. M. (2014) The ADHD explosion: myths, medication, money, and today´s push for performance. Oxford University Press.
Klenberg, L, Hokkanen, L, Lathi-Nuuttila, P, & Närhi, V. (2016) Teacher Ratings of Executive Function Difficulties in Finnish Children with Combined and Predominantly Inattentive Symptoms of ADHD. Appl Neuropsychology Child, 13:1-10. http://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2016.1177531
Kooij, J. J. S, Bijlenga, D, Salerno, L, Jaeschke, R., Bitter, I., Balázs, J., Thome, J., Dom, G., Kasper, S., Filipe, C. N., Stes, S., Mohr, P., Leppämäki, S., Casas, M., Bobes, J., Mccarthy, J. M., Richarte, V., Philipsen, A. K., Pehlivanidis, A.,….and Asherson, P. (2019) Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD. Eur Psychiatry, 56: 14-34. http://doi.org/10.1016/ j.eurpsy.2018.11.001
Koumoula, A. (2012) The course of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) over the life span. Psychiatriki, 1: 49-59.
Mahone, E. M & Denckla, M. B. (2017) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Historical Neuropsychological Perspective. J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 23: 916-929. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617717000807
Mardomingo Sanz, M. J, Sancho Mateo C & Soler López, B. (2018) Assessment of comorbidity and social anxiety in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the SELFIE study. An Pediatr (Barc), 30369-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.07.014
Mckeown, R. E, Holbrook, J. R, Danielson, M. L, Cuffe, S. P., Wolraich, M. L., & Visser, S. N. (2015) The impact of case definition on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder prevalence estimates in community-based samples of School-aged children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 54:53-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.10.014
McLennan, J. D. (2016) Understanding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as a continuum. Canadian Family Physician, 62(12):979-982.
Murray, D. W, Molina, B. S, Glew, K, Houck, P., Greiner, A., Fong, D., Swanson, J., Arnold, L. E., Lerner, M., Hechtman, L., Abikoff, H. B., & Jensen, P. S. (2014) Prevalence and Characteristics of School Services for High School Students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. School Ment Health, 1: 264-278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s123310-014-9128-6
Musser, E. D, & Raiker, J. S (2019) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An integrated developmental psychopathology and Research Domain Criteria (RDoc) approach. Compr Psychiatry 90: 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.12.016
Nolen-Koesksema, S, Fredickson, B. L, & Loftus, G. R. (2009) Atkinson & Hilgard´s Introduction of Psychology. Wasworth Cengage Learning: Andover, UK.
Ornoy, A, Ovadia, M, Rivkin, D, Milshtein, E., & Barlev, L. (2016) Prevalence of ADHD among 7-9-Year-Old Children in Israel. A Comparison between Jewish and Arab Populations. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci, 53(2):3-8.
Otasowie, J, Castells, X, Ehimare, U, & Smith, C. H. (2014) Tricyclic antidepressants for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 19; 9. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006997.pub2
Polanczyk, G. V, Willcutt, E. G, Salum, G. A, Kieling, Ch., & Rohde, L. A. (2014) ADHD prevalence estimates across three decades: an updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Int J Epidemiol, 43:434-442. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt261
Punja, S, Shamseer, L, Hartling, L, Urichuk, L., Vandermeer, B., Nikles, J., & Vohra, S. (2016) Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 4; 2. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009996.pub2
Saline, S. Thriving in the New Normal: How COVID-19 has affected Alternative Learners and Their Families and Implementing Effective, Creative Therapeutic Interventions. Smith Coll Stud Soc Work, 91 (1): 1-28.
Sciberras, E, Patel P, Stokes, MA, Coghill, D, Middeldorp CM, Bellgrove, MA, Becker, SP, Efron, D, Stringaris, A, Faraone, SV, Bellows, ST, Quach, J, Banaschewski, T, McGillivray, J, Hutchinson, D, Silk, TJ, Melvin, G, Wood, AG, Jackson, A, Loram, G, Engel, L, Montgomery, A, & Westrupp, A (2022). Physical Health, Media Use, and Mental Health in children and adolescents with ADHD during the covid-19 Pandemic in Australia. J Atten Disord 26 (4): 549-562. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054720979549
Shah, R, Grover, S, & Avasthi, A. (2019) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Assessment and Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Indian J Psychiatry, 61 (Suppl 2): 176-193.
Shah, R, Raju VV, Sharma A, Grover S. (2021) Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown on children with ADHD and their families-An Online Survey and a Continuity Care Model. J Neurosci Rural Pract 12(1): 71-79.
Storebo, O, Ramstad, E, Krogh, H, Nilausen, T. D, Skoog, M, Holmskov, M, Rosendal, S, Groth, C, Magnusson, F. L, Moreira-Maia, C. R, Gillies, D, Rasmussen, K. B, Gauci, D, Zwi, M., Kirubakaran, R., Forsbol, B., Simonsen, E. G, & Gloud, Ch. (2015) Methylphenidate for Children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 25; 11. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009885
Tatlow-Golden, M, Prihodova, L, Gavin, B, Cullen, W., & McNicholas, F. (2016) What do general practitioners know about ADHD? Attitudes and knowledge among first-contact gatekeepers: systematic narrative review. BMC Family Practice, 17(1): 129. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-016-0516-x
Taylor, E. (2016) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: overdiagnosed or diagnoses missed? Arch Dis Child 2016; 0:1-4. https://doi.org/10.1136/ACH 2016310487
Thomas, R, Sanders S, Doust J, Beller, E, & Glasziou, P. (2015) Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 135:994-1001. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-3482
Thorell, LB, Skoglund, C, de la Peña AG, Baeyens, D, Fuermaier, ABM, Groom, MJ, Mammarella, IC, Van der Oord, S, Van den Hoofdakker, BJ, Luman, M, Marques de Miranda, D, Siu, AFY, Steinmayr, R, Idress, I, Soares, LS, Sörlin, M, Luque, JL, Moscardino, UM, Roch, M, Crisci, G & Christiansen, H. (2022) Parental experiences of homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic: differences between seven European countries and between children with and without mental health conditions. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 31 (4): 649-661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01706-1
Wymbs, F. A, Cunningham C. E, Chen Y, Rimas, H. M., Deal K, Waschbusch, D. A., & Pelham Jr, W. E. (2016) Examining parents’ preferences for group and individual parent training for children with ADHD symptoms. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol, 45:614-631. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1004678
Young, J. L, & Goodman, D. W. (2016) Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment in the DSM-5 Era. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord, 18. https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.16r02000
Zhang J, Shuai L, Yu H, Wang Z, Qiu M, Lu L, Cao, X, Xia, W, Wang, Y & Chen, R. (2020). Acute stress, behavioural symptoms and moods states among school-age children with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder during the COVID-19 outbreak. Asian J Psychiatr. 51: 102077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102077
Zhou, X, Reynolds, C. R, Zhu, J, Kamphaus, R. W., & Zhang, O. (2017) Evidence-based assessment of ADHD diagnosis in children and adolescents. Appl Neuropsychol Child 7(2): 150-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2017.1284661
Zwi, M, Jones, H, Thorgaard, C, York, A, & Dennis, J. A. (2011) Parent training interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children aged 5 to 18 years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 7: CD003018. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003018.pub3
Derechos de autor 2023 Balbuena Rivera Francisco
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Al remitir una propuesta, el/la autor/a acuerda con los términos siguientes:
a) El/la autor/a conserva los derechos de autor y cede a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de la obra.
b) Los textos se difundirán con la licencia de reconocimiento Creative Commons 4.0. BY-NC-SA que permite a terceros la distribución, la copia y la exhibición del artículo siempre que se indique la autoría, la publicación en Revista AMC, número concreto y las páginas en la que se encuentra, así como la creación de obra derivada siempre que se difunda bajo la misma licencia que el original.
